Lise Bourbeau 5 wounds pdf free obtain is your key to unlocking private development and therapeutic. This insightful information delves into the 5 basic wounds that form our emotional panorama, offering sensible methods for recognizing, releasing, and overcoming their impression. Put together to embark on a journey of self-discovery as you discover the core ideas, emotional impression, and behavioral patterns related to every wound.
This complete useful resource affords a path to understanding your distinctive experiences and fostering profound private development.
The doc will present a concise overview of Lise Bourbeau’s 5 Wounds idea, exploring the core ideas behind every wound. It would element the historic context and impression of her work. An in depth desk will visually summarize every wound, together with its identify, temporary description, and core message. Additional sections will elaborate on the traits of every wound, discussing their emotional impression, manifestations in day by day life, and customary triggers.
Introduction to Lise Bourbeau’s 5 Wounds: Lise Bourbeau 5 Wounds Pdf Free Obtain
Lise Bourbeau’s 5 Wounds mannequin affords a profound and sensible strategy to understanding the roots of our emotional ache. It is a highly effective framework for self-discovery, serving to us establish and heal the underlying emotional wounds that usually manifest as anxieties, fears, and adverse patterns in our lives. This framework is not about assigning blame or dwelling on the previous, however reasonably about understanding the patterns and triggers that affect our current actions and selections.This mannequin offers a transparent path to recognizing the delicate methods previous experiences form our present emotional panorama, permitting us to maneuver ahead with larger self-awareness and compassion.
It is a journey of self-discovery, encouraging us to confront our internal struggles with empathy and understanding.
Overview of the 5 Wounds, Lise bourbeau 5 wounds pdf free obtain
Lise Bourbeau’s 5 Wounds concept posits that every of us carries inside us 5 basic emotional wounds that may impression our lives in vital methods. These wounds, stemming from childhood experiences, can manifest as adverse beliefs, limiting behaviors, and emotional struggles all through our lives. Understanding these wounds is a vital step in recognizing how they have an effect on {our relationships}, our sense of self, and our general well-being.
This mannequin emphasizes therapeutic and shifting ahead by acknowledging the supply of those wounds.
Core Rules of Every Wound
This mannequin explores the core ideas of every wound, highlighting the patterns of conduct and thought which can be usually related to every. By recognizing these patterns, we will start to deal with the underlying points and domesticate larger self-awareness and compassion.
Detailed Clarification of the 5 Wounds
- Abandonment: A deep-seated worry of being alone or unloved, resulting in anxiousness, insecurity, and issue trusting others. This wound usually stems from a perceived lack of emotional help throughout childhood. The core message is the significance of self-love and self-sufficiency, recognizing that we may be our personal greatest supply of help.
- Rejection: A deep-seated worry of not being accepted or valued, resulting in emotions of inadequacy and low shallowness. This wound usually arises from experiences of criticism or exclusion throughout youth. The core message is that our value is inherent, impartial of exterior validation.
- Humiliation: A deep-seated worry of disgrace or embarrassment, resulting in emotions of self-consciousness and a reluctance to specific ourselves authentically. This wound usually stems from experiences of being publicly criticized or shamed throughout childhood. The core message is that self-acceptance is essential; embracing our imperfections is a step in the direction of emotional liberation.
- Betrayal: A deep-seated worry of being deceived or exploited, resulting in suspicion, mistrust, and issue forming shut relationships. This wound usually stems from experiences of dishonesty or damaged guarantees throughout childhood. The core message is that belief is earned, however it’s important to domesticate self-trust first.
- Entitlement: A deep-seated perception that one is inherently superior, resulting in conceitedness, demanding conduct, and issue empathizing with others. This wound usually stems from receiving extreme consideration or privileges in childhood. The core message is recognizing the worth in others, and understanding the significance of mutual respect in relationships.
Historic Context and Influence
Lise Bourbeau’s work, drawing from varied philosophical and psychological streams, has resonated with many looking for a deeper understanding of emotional well-being. Her mannequin has been extensively utilized in self-help and private growth circles, providing a sensible and accessible strategy to emotional therapeutic.
Aim of the 5 Wounds Mannequin
The overarching aim of the 5 Wounds mannequin is to empower people to establish and heal their emotional wounds, fostering a larger sense of self-awareness, self-acceptance, and well-being. This, in flip, results in more healthy relationships, larger shallowness, and a extra fulfilling life.
| Wound Identify | Transient Description | Core Message |
|---|---|---|
| Abandonment | Worry of being alone or unloved | Self-love and self-sufficiency |
| Rejection | Worry of not being accepted | Inherent value, impartial of exterior validation |
| Humiliation | Worry of disgrace or embarrassment | Self-acceptance, embracing imperfections |
| Betrayal | Worry of being deceived | Belief is earned, self-trust first |
| Entitlement | Perception of inherent superiority | Worth in others, mutual respect |
Understanding the 5 Wounds in Depth
Lise Bourbeau’s 5 Wounds aren’t simply summary ideas; they’re highly effective keys to unlocking the emotional patterns that form our lives. By understanding the core traits of every wound, we will start to heal and remodel our responses to difficult conditions. This exploration delves into the nuances of every wound, revealing how they manifest in day by day life and the way we will establish and tackle them.The 5 Wounds, deeply rooted in our early experiences, act as emotional filters.
They affect how we understand ourselves, others, and the world round us. They are not inherently dangerous; reasonably, they’re survival mechanisms that may, if left unchecked, result in self-sabotaging behaviors and patterns of unhappiness. Understanding these wounds permits us to maneuver previous the emotional baggage they carry and embrace a extra fulfilling life.
Traits of Every Wound
The 5 Wounds—worry of abandonment, worry of criticism, worry of not being adequate, worry of shedding management, and worry of vulnerability—are usually not merely summary ideas. Every wound carries a selected set of traits that form our perceptions and reactions. These traits manifest in varied methods, usually subtly influencing our selections and interactions with others. Recognizing these traits is a vital step towards therapeutic and development.
Emotional Influence of Every Wound
Every wound has a profound emotional impression. Worry of abandonment, for instance, can result in emotions of insecurity and a continuing want for reassurance. Worry of criticism would possibly manifest as self-doubt and a reluctance to take dangers. These emotional impacts, whereas typically hidden, are potent forces shaping our conduct.
Manifestations in Each day Life
The injuries usually categorical themselves in our day by day interactions. Worry of abandonment would possibly present up as clinginess in relationships or a bent to isolate oneself. Worry of criticism would possibly end in avoiding social conditions or looking for fixed approval. Recognizing these expressions permits us to deal with the underlying wounds.
Widespread Triggers
Sure conditions and interactions act as triggers, activating the injuries. For example, a perceived rejection would possibly set off the worry of abandonment, whereas a vital remark can activate the worry of criticism. Understanding these triggers empowers us to anticipate and handle our reactions.
Comparative Evaluation of the 5 Wounds
| Wound | Core Worry | Emotional Influence | Manifestation in Each day Life | Widespread Triggers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Worry of Abandonment | Lack of connection, isolation | Insecurity, clinginess, worry of intimacy | Looking for fixed reassurance, issue trusting others | Rejection, perceived neglect, separation |
| Worry of Criticism | Damaging judgment, disapproval | Self-doubt, perfectionism, avoidance of danger | Looking for fixed validation, issue accepting suggestions | Damaging suggestions, judgment from others, social comparisons |
| Worry of Not Being Good Sufficient | Inadequacy, worthlessness | Low shallowness, self-criticism, striving for unattainable requirements | Overachieving, evaluating oneself to others, worry of failure | Criticism, stress to succeed, unmet expectations |
| Worry of Dropping Management | Lack of energy, unpredictability | Nervousness, impulsivity, issue with uncertainty | Over-planning, issue enjoyable, looking for management in relationships | Unsure conditions, sudden occasions, feeling overwhelmed |
| Worry of Vulnerability | Publicity, disgrace, damage | Emotional detachment, issue expressing feelings, worry of intimacy | Sustaining distance, guarded communication, avoiding emotional connection | Previous trauma, worry of rejection, emotional neglect |
The Influence of the 5 Wounds on Habits
The 5 Wounds, as described by Lise Bourbeau, aren’t simply summary ideas; they’re deeply embedded within the very material of our lives, shaping our selections, relationships, {and professional} journeys. Understanding how these wounds manifest can present highly effective insights into our personal behaviors and the behaviors of others. This exploration delves into the sensible implications of the injuries, illustrating how they affect our actions and impression our lives.These emotional scars, usually stemming from childhood experiences, can unconsciously drive us towards patterns of conduct that will not at all times serve our greatest pursuits.
Recognizing these patterns can empower us to heal and create extra fulfilling lives. Understanding the impression of those wounds permits for self-awareness and finally, private development.
Affect on Private Decisions and Actions
The injuries subtly form our private selections and actions, usually with out our aware consciousness. A way of abandonment, for instance, would possibly result in a bent to keep away from intimacy, worry of dedication, or a reluctance to belief others. This worry may be deeply rooted, resulting in recurring patterns in relationships. Equally, a sense of inadequacy can manifest in self-sabotaging behaviors, akin to procrastination, or a reluctance to pursue alternatives.
The injuries can act as unseen filters, influencing how we understand ourselves and the world round us.
Recurring Patterns in Relationships
The 5 Wounds usually create recurring patterns in {our relationships}. For example, somebody with a wound of rejection would possibly consistently search validation from others, resulting in needy or clingy behaviors. Conversely, a worry of abandonment can manifest as push-and-pull dynamics in relationships. This dynamic is usually unconscious and may really feel irritating to these concerned. Recognizing these patterns, usually rooted within the wounds, is step one in the direction of more healthy relationships.
Influence on Skilled Life
The injuries also can considerably impression our skilled lives. Somebody with a wound of inadequacy would possibly wrestle with self-confidence, hindering their potential to tackle new challenges or negotiate successfully. This may end up in emotions of being ignored or undervalued within the office. Conversely, a wound of anger would possibly manifest as aggressive or confrontational conduct, probably affecting work relationships and profession development.
The impression can vary from delicate to extreme, however recognizing the connection can result in larger skilled success.
Influence on Self-Esteem
The injuries have a profound impression on shallowness. A sense of being unloved can result in low self-worth and a continuing want for exterior validation. This lack of self-acceptance can manifest as emotions of inadequacy, disgrace, or insecurity. Conversely, a wound of abandonment would possibly manifest as a worry of being alone, influencing how one views themselves and their value.
Recognizing these patterns may be step one towards fostering more healthy shallowness.
Behavioral Patterns Linked to Every Wound
| Wound | Potential Behavioral Patterns |
|---|---|
| Abandonment | Worry of intimacy, neediness, looking for fixed reassurance, issue trusting others. |
| Rejection | Looking for validation from others, insecurity, low self-worth, issue setting boundaries. |
| Disgrace | Self-criticism, perfectionism, hiding vulnerabilities, worry of judgment. |
| Injustice | Feeling resentful, issue forgiving, holding onto grudges, combating equity. |
| Worry of inadequacy | Procrastination, self-sabotage, avoidance of challenges, worry of failure. |
Therapeutic and Self-Discovery by way of the 5 Wounds
Unveiling the hidden wounds inside us is a journey of self-discovery, a path paved with compassion and understanding. Lise Bourbeau’s 5 Wounds supply a robust framework for recognizing these deeply ingrained patterns and embarking on a path towards therapeutic. This course of is not about magically erasing ache, however reasonably about understanding its origins and studying to navigate its affect on our lives with larger consciousness and resilience.The 5 Wounds, as described by Bourbeau, are usually not merely emotional scars; they symbolize deeply rooted beliefs and patterns of conduct stemming from childhood experiences.
Recognizing these wounds is step one in therapeutic; it is like shining a light-weight on the shadows which have lengthy solid a darkish affect on our selections and actions. Understanding how these wounds manifest in our day by day lives empowers us to make aware and optimistic modifications.
Recognizing and Understanding Your Personal Wounds
Figuring out your particular wounds requires introspection and self-awareness. Pay shut consideration to recurring patterns in your ideas, emotions, and behaviors. Take into account how these patterns is perhaps linked to previous experiences or unmet wants. Journaling generally is a helpful device on this course of, permitting you to discover your feelings and ideas with out judgment. The secret’s to strategy this self-exploration with empathy and curiosity.
Search to grasp the origins of those patterns reasonably than merely labeling them as “dangerous” or “improper.”
Methods for Releasing and Overcoming the Influence of These Wounds
Overcoming the impression of the 5 Wounds is not about eliminating the reminiscences of previous experiences, however about reworking the way in which we interpret and react to them. This entails changing previous, adverse patterns with more healthy responses. Studying to domesticate self-compassion is a vital step. Acknowledge your emotions, validate your experiences, and deal with your self with the identical kindness and understanding you’d supply a detailed good friend.One other very important side is working towards forgiveness.
This does not essentially imply condoning dangerous actions however reasonably releasing the anger and resentment that maintain you captive. Forgiving your self and others permits you to free your self from the burden of previous hurts. It’s an act of self-care and liberation.
The Position of Self-Compassion in Therapeutic
Self-compassion is the cornerstone of therapeutic from the 5 Wounds. Treating your self with the identical kindness and understanding you’d supply a good friend who’s struggling is crucial. Acknowledge that everybody makes errors, everybody experiences ache, and everybody deserves to be handled with compassion. It’s not weak point however a testomony to your power to permit your self to really feel and heal.
The Significance of Forgiveness within the Therapeutic Course of
Forgiveness shouldn’t be condoning dangerous actions; it is about releasing the anger and resentment that may stop you from shifting ahead. It is a highly effective act of self-liberation. Forgiving your self and others frees you from the burden of previous hurts and permits you to embrace a brighter future. By letting go of resentment, you create house for therapeutic and development.
Sensible Workout routines to Handle Every Wound
| Wound | Train 1: Figuring out Patterns | Train 2: Training Self-Compassion | Train 3: Looking for Forgiveness |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abandonment | Journal about cases the place you felt deserted and the feelings related to them. | Observe self-soothing strategies if you really feel alone or remoted. | Write a letter to the one that brought on the abandonment expressing your emotions and releasing your anger. |
| Criticism | Determine conditions the place you felt criticized and be aware the impression in your shallowness. | Acknowledge your emotions of inadequacy with out judgment. | Forgive your self and others for previous criticisms. |
| Rejection | Acknowledge cases the place you felt rejected and the emotions related to it. | Observe self-acceptance and focus in your internal value. | Launch any emotions of blame or resentment towards those that rejected you. |
| Failure | Determine conditions the place you felt you failed and the ensuing emotions. | Acknowledge your failures as alternatives for studying and development. | Forgive your self for previous failures and concentrate on shifting ahead. |
| Emotional Neglect | Recall conditions the place you felt emotionally uncared for and the impression in your emotional well-being. | Observe expressing your feelings and wishes in wholesome methods. | Forgive those that uncared for you, focusing in your emotional wants and self-worth. |
Lise Bourbeau’s 5 Wounds and Private Development
Unveiling the hidden pathways to self-discovery and transformation, Lise Bourbeau’s 5 Wounds supply a profound lens by way of which to grasp the roots of our emotional struggles. These wounds, usually stemming from childhood experiences, can considerably impression our present-day selections and relationships. Recognizing and addressing these wounds is a vital step in the direction of private development and a extra fulfilling life.Understanding these wounds can result in self-acceptance and a deeper reference to our genuine selves.
This understanding permits us to maneuver previous limiting beliefs and embrace a extra compassionate and forgiving perspective in the direction of ourselves and others.
The Connection Between the 5 Wounds and Private Development
The 5 Wounds – abandonment, betrayal, criticism, humiliation, and worry of loss – are usually not meant to be seen as everlasting scars. As a substitute, they’re perceived as alternatives for profound self-discovery and therapeutic. By understanding the foundation causes of those wounds, we will start to dismantle the limiting patterns they’ve created. The journey of therapeutic is about acknowledging the ache, studying from it, and shifting ahead with larger consciousness and compassion.
How Understanding These Wounds Fosters Self-Acceptance
Comprehending the 5 Wounds permits for a extra nuanced and compassionate understanding of our personal behaviors and reactions. Recognizing the supply of our insecurities and sensitivities can foster a profound sense of self-acceptance. This acceptance is not about condoning previous behaviors or dismissing our ache, however about acknowledging it, understanding its origins, and finally, releasing its grip on our current lives.
Advantages of Working with the 5 Wounds
Working with the 5 Wounds affords a mess of advantages, extending past merely understanding our previous. By confronting these wounds, we domesticate self-awareness, empathy, and resilience. We develop the capability to navigate difficult conditions with larger grace and understanding. We acquire a deeper appreciation for our personal strengths and the power to strategy life’s challenges with a way of objective and success.
Examples of How Understanding the 5 Wounds Can Result in Optimistic Change
Take into account somebody who has skilled a wound of abandonment. By understanding this wound, they will start to acknowledge patterns of looking for validation and approval from others. This consciousness will help them to make aware selections in relationships, prioritizing wholesome independence and self-reliance. Equally, understanding a wound of criticism can empower somebody to develop stronger shallowness and to reject adverse self-talk.
This, in flip, can result in larger confidence and assertiveness in varied life conditions. These are only a few examples, however the prospects for optimistic change are huge and individualized.
A Roadmap for Self-Development By Addressing the Wounds
| Wound | Understanding | Motion | Final result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abandonment | Recognizing the necessity for independence and self-reliance. | Growing wholesome boundaries and fostering self-love. | Better confidence and self-sufficiency. |
| Betrayal | Figuring out patterns of belief points. | Training empathy and compassion. | Constructing stronger and extra significant relationships. |
| Criticism | Recognizing the internalized messages of inadequacy. | Difficult adverse self-talk and cultivating shallowness. | Elevated self-confidence and assertiveness. |
| Humiliation | Figuring out the supply of emotions of disgrace. | Forgiving previous errors and embracing self-compassion. | Better self-worth and emotional freedom. |
| Worry of Loss | Acknowledging anxieties about change and vulnerability. | Embracing uncertainty and cultivating gratitude for current moments. | Lowered anxiousness and larger appreciation for all times. |
Sources for Additional Exploration
Delving deeper into Lise Bourbeau’s 5 Wounds opens a world of self-discovery and private development. This journey is not a solo expedition; it is a neighborhood of people, every with their distinctive insights and experiences. This part offers pathways to proceed your exploration, providing books, on-line communities, and instruments to help your therapeutic.Increasing your information base past this preliminary introduction permits for a richer understanding and extra profound utility of the 5 Wounds framework.
This part is designed to empower you with sensible sources to take your journey additional.
Respected Sources on the 5 Wounds
Understanding the 5 Wounds is greatest enhanced by consulting respected sources. These sources supply complete data, serving to to deepen your comprehension and supply context for making use of the ideas to non-public experiences. The next sources are significantly insightful:
- Lise Bourbeau’s books: Her books are a direct supply of knowledge and insights into the 5 Wounds. They supply a complete understanding of the ideas and their sensible purposes. These books are the cornerstone of understanding the 5 Wounds.
- Articles and journals: Quite a few articles and journals delve into the psychology behind the 5 Wounds and associated ideas. These sources supply a wider perspective on the subject and may present helpful insights from numerous viewpoints.
- Books on associated psychological frameworks: Exploring books on attachment concept, trauma, and emotional intelligence can present a broader context for understanding the 5 Wounds. These books might illuminate connections between the injuries and broader psychological ideas.
On-line Communities and Help Teams
Connecting with others who’re exploring the 5 Wounds may be immensely useful. Shared experiences, insights, and help can considerably improve your private journey. On-line communities and help teams present an area for open dialogue and interplay.
- On-line boards and teams: Quite a few on-line boards and teams devoted to non-public development and self-discovery supply areas to attach with others exploring the 5 Wounds. These areas can supply invaluable help and steerage from friends.
- Social media teams: Particular social media teams and pages devoted to Lise Bourbeau’s work usually function platforms for dialogue and help. These teams present alternatives for networking and neighborhood constructing.
Workout routines and Meditations
Sensible workout routines and guided meditations can considerably help the therapeutic course of. These instruments may be instrumental in fostering self-awareness and selling private development. They supply hands-on experiences to deepen understanding.
- Guided meditations: Guided meditations targeted on the 5 Wounds will help people course of their feelings and acquire perception into their previous experiences. These sources can present a protected and structured surroundings for reflection.
- Journaling prompts: Journaling prompts particularly designed for the 5 Wounds can help people in exploring their feelings and understanding their private triggers. These prompts generally is a highly effective device for self-discovery and reflection.
Associated Psychological Frameworks
Exploring different psychological frameworks can present a broader perspective on the 5 Wounds. These connections can enrich the understanding of the ideas and their implications.
- Attachment concept: Attachment concept offers a framework for understanding how early childhood experiences form {our relationships} and emotional responses as adults. This concept affords helpful insights into the foundation causes of emotional patterns and can be utilized to assist folks perceive their very own wound dynamics.
- Trauma-informed care: Trauma-informed care offers a framework for understanding how previous trauma can impression a person’s present-day experiences. This data will help folks perceive the potential impression of their wounds on present relationships and behaviors.
Advisable Sources
This record offers a place to begin for additional exploration, providing numerous avenues for studying and development.
- Lise Bourbeau’s books: Important studying for understanding the 5 Wounds.
- On-line boards and help teams: Alternatives for connection and shared expertise.
- Guided meditations and journaling prompts: Instruments for private reflection and therapeutic.
- Books on associated psychological frameworks: Supplies broader context and insights.
Illustrative Examples
Lise Bourbeau’s 5 Wounds present a robust framework for understanding the foundation causes of many relationship challenges and private struggles. These wounds, usually stemming from childhood experiences, can subtly affect our interactions and selections all through life. Understanding how these wounds manifest generally is a essential step towards therapeutic and self-discovery.Exploring particular examples of how these wounds play out in on a regular basis life affords helpful perception into their impression.
By seeing how others categorical these emotional patterns, we will higher acknowledge the potential for these wounds in our personal lives and develop methods for addressing them. These examples are supposed to be illustrative, not prescriptive; every particular person’s expertise is exclusive.
Worry of Abandonment in Relationships
An individual with a deep-seated worry of abandonment would possibly exhibit clinginess and possessiveness of their relationships. They could consistently search reassurance from their companion, interpret minor disagreements as indicators of rejection, and wrestle with belief. Their anxiousness would possibly manifest as emotional outbursts or excessive reactions to perceived threats of separation, even when these threats are unfounded. They could keep away from intimacy to stop the ache of potential loss.
This worry can considerably impression their potential to kind wholesome, impartial attachments, and their relationships can develop into a cycle of tension and insecurity.
Anger Because of the Wound of Betrayal
People carrying the wound of betrayal usually show anger in varied methods. They could react with hostility or resentment in the direction of these they understand as having wronged them, even years later. They could maintain onto grudges, discovering it tough to forgive or transfer on. This anger would possibly manifest as passive-aggressive conduct, sarcasm, or direct confrontations. The damage from the previous betrayal fuels a way of injustice, making it arduous to belief others totally and making a barrier to intimacy.
Their anger could also be directed not solely on the perceived betrayer, but additionally at themselves, resulting in self-blame and emotions of inadequacy.
Addressing the Wound of Criticism
People who carry the wound of criticism usually react sensitively to suggestions. They could understand any type of constructive criticism as a private assault, resulting in defensiveness, disgrace, or withdrawal. They could wrestle to simply accept compliments, as if they aren’t deserving of optimistic reinforcement. To beat this, they may begin by working towards self-compassion, recognizing that criticism is usually a projection of the critic’s personal insecurities.
They could profit from looking for out supportive relationships and studying to distinguish between constructive criticism and private assaults. Studying to simply accept suggestions with a extra balanced perspective generally is a vital step in therapeutic this wound.
Overcoming the Wound of Unworthiness
An individual experiencing the wound of unworthiness would possibly wrestle with self-doubt and low shallowness. They could persistently underestimate their skills and consistently search exterior validation. This usually manifests as a reluctance to take dangers, a worry of failure, and a bent to apologize excessively. Nonetheless, this particular person would possibly embark on a journey of self-discovery by acknowledging their inherent value.
By introspection and remedy, they may establish and problem the adverse beliefs about themselves. By participating in actions that foster shallowness, like pursuing hobbies or setting private objectives, they may start to domesticate a stronger sense of self-respect and confidence. A gradual technique of self-acceptance can result in a extra fulfilling and empowered life.
Triggering a Wound and Potential Penalties
A seemingly innocuous remark, a perceived slight, or perhaps a change in routine can set off an individual’s wound. For instance, a companion’s late arrival would possibly set off a worry of abandonment in somebody with that wound, resulting in anxiousness, stress, and strained communication. The implications can vary from minor discomfort to vital relationship breakdowns. Recognizing the potential triggers for every wound permits people to proactively tackle the potential impression on their well-being and relationships.
This proactive strategy can stop adverse cycles from repeating.
